The code and the court: Why your email security thinks like Napoleon

In 1804, Napoleon gave France a code that much of the world still runs on. The Code civil replaced a tangle of local customs with a single written statute: orderly and knowable. In that tradition, the judge’s job, in Montesquieu’s phrase, is to be the mouth of the law, nothing more. Certainty was the point. Certainty has a cost. A codified system is only as current as its code. When the world produces something the c…

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